PAPERS PUBLICLY AVAILABLE at (31.1.2024) UNDERTAKEN BY RESEARCHERS WORKING ON THIS PROGRAMME
[Many of our publications are with the open access journal Wellcome Open Research. It has a Gateways section to cohort studies, one of which is ALSPAC. Papers are accepted subject to open peer review, and the reviews are publicly accessible, together with authors’ responses and revised versions.]
For all the publications listed previously published as a preprint, only the reference to the full published paper is given.
CONTENTS
1.Publications involving RSBB
A. Descriptions of RSBB data available
B. Analytic categorisation of RSBB data
C. Associations of RSBB data with environmental factors
D. Associations of RSBB data with psychological factors
E. Associations of RSBB data with mental health
F. Transgenerational associations with RSBB
2.Complementary publications
a. Non-genetic heritability
b. Environmental exposures
c. Health of participants (including mental health)
d. Childcare and child development
e. Psychological exposures
f. Analytic features
g. ALSPAC data clarifications
h. Biomarkers
1.PUBLICATIONS INVOLVING RSBB
a. Descriptions of RSBB data available
A1.Description of the data on religious beliefs and behaviours collected from the parents during pregnancy and during their offspring’s childhood:
Iles-Caven Y, Gregory S, Northstone K and Golding J. Longitudinal data on parental religious behaviour and beliefs from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]. Wellcome Open Res 2019, 4:38 (https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15127.2)
A2. Details of RSBB data collected from the study parents in 2019/2020, and comparison of these data with those collected from the same parents almost 30 years earlier:
Iles-Caven Y, Gregory S, Bickerstaffe I et al. Parental spiritual and religious beliefs and behaviour data collected from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, 2020 [version 3; peer review: 3 approved]. Wellcome Open Res 2022, 6:175 (https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17010.3)
A3. Description of data collected from the study offspring (G1s) in 2019-2020; differences between the sexes, and comparison with similar data from their parents:
Iles-Caven Y, Bickerstaffe I, Northstone K and Golding J. Spiritual and religious beliefs and behaviour: data collected from 27/28-year-old offspring in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, 2019-2020. [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations]. Wellcome Open Res 2021, 6:215 (https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17153.1)
A4. This publication uses Sankey pictorial methods to illustrate ways in which individual parents change their beliefs and behaviours over time:
Major-Smith D, Halstead I, Morgan J, Tohidinik H, Iles-Caven Y, Northstone K, Golding J. Individual-level changes in religious/spiritual beliefs and behaviours over three decades in the parental generation of the ALSPAC cohort, UK. Religion, Brain and Behavior 2022; Dec 23:1-20 https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2022.2156584
A5. This paper describes the variety of different types of belief indicated by the participants in the study (including non-mainstream beliefs) and indicates the ways in which they have been coded for analysis.
Iles-Caven Y, Gregory S, Matthews S. Coding definitions of participant religious, non-religious and spiritual beliefs in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents & Children (ALSPAC). [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]. Wellcome Open Res 2023, 8:528 https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.20209.1
b. Analytic categorisations of the RSBB data
B1. Latent class analysis was used to classify the parents into four mutually exclusive categories – labelled as highly religious, moderately religious, agnostic and atheist. Variation of these classes with socioeconomic group is described:
Halstead I, Heron J, Joinson C. Patterns of religiosity in adults from a large UK cohort. [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]. Wellcome Open Res 2022, 7:192 (https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17969.1)
c. Associations of RSBB data with environmental factors
C1. This paper shows ways in which different aspects of religiosity in the parents vary with different demographic and socio-economic factors.
Major-Smith D, Morgan J, Halstead I, Tohidinik HR, Iles-Caven Y, Golding J, Northstone K. Demographic and socioeconomic predictors of religious/spiritual beliefs and behaviours in a prospective cohort study (ALSPAC) in Southwest England: Results from the parental generation [version 3; peer review: 3 approved]. Wellcome Open Res 2023, 7:159 (https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17897.3)
C2. This paper explores whether RSBB is associated with differences in dietary patterns and nutrient intake among ALSPAC parents. RSBB, and attendance at a place of worship in particular, were associated with differences in diet, suggesting that diet may be a potential mediator between RSBB and later health outcomes:
Major-Smith D, Morgan J, Emmett P, Golding J, Northstone K. Associations between religious/spiritual beliefs and behaviours and dietary patterns: analysis of the parental generation in a prospective cohort study (ALSPAC) in Southwest England. Public Health Nutrition. 2023 Dec; 26(12): 2895-2911. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980023001866
C3. This paper shows ways in which different aspects of religiosity in the ALSPAC offspring vary with different demographic and socio-economic factors.
Major-Smith D, Morgan J, Halstead I, Tohidinik HR, Goulding, N, Iles-Caven Y, Golding J, Northstone K. Demographic and socioeconomic predictors of religious/spiritual beliefs and behaviours in a prospective cohort study (ALSPAC) in Southwest England: Results from the offspring generation [version 2; 2 approved with reservations] Wellcome Open Res 2022, 7:290 (https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18517.2)
d. Association of RSBB data with psychological factors
D1. This paper compared the locus of control of the study parents with their RSBB. It shows that those with an internal locus of control were more likely to believe and to behave positively over time in regard to religious activities. This was true, though to a different extent, of both the men and women studied:
Iles-Caven Y, Gregory S, Ellis G, Golding J, Nowicki S. The relationship between locus of control, religious behaviour, and beliefs in a British population of parents. Frontiers in Psychology 2020. (https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01462)
D2. This paper compares the likelihood of staying within the study and completing questionnaires and attending clinics over time. It shows that those with a religious belief or behaviour are more likely to continue to be involved in the study. The authors describe ways in which this might bias any results:
Morgan J, Halstead I, Northstone K, Major-Smith D. Religious/spiritual beliefs and behaviours and study participation in a prospective cohort study (ALSPAC) in Southwest England. [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]. Wellcome Open Res 2022, 7:186 (https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17975.1)
D3. This paper examines associations between the RSBBs of the G0s and the G1s and aspects of their cognition and personality:
Major-Smith D, Morgan J, Tohidinik HR, Goulding N, Iles-Caven Y, Golding J, Northstone K, Halstead I. Associations between psychological factors and religious/spiritual beliefs and behaviours in a prospective cohort study (ALSPAC) in Southwest England: A descriptive study. [version 2; peer review: 1 accepted, 1 accepted with reservations] Wellcome Open Res 2023; 8: 174. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18955.2
D4. This paper is the first stage of a registered report which intends to use a range of sensitivity analyses to assess whether religiosity may plausibly cause cooperative behaviour (here, voluntary blood donation). The analysis plan was accepted by the journal (and published on the OSF), which then published the subsequent full paper (see D4b below). Subsequently, the journal asked Dr Major-Smith to write a blog post about the paper which is now online (see D4c below)
D4a. Major-Smith, D. Exploring causality from observational data: An example assessing whether religiosity promotes cooperation. Evolutionary Human Science [analysis plan was accepted as registered report: [ https://osf.io/z5gcm/]
D4b. Major-Smith, D. Exploring causality from observational data: An example assessing whether religiosity promotes cooperation. Evolutionary Human Science 2023; 1-37. https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2023.17
e. Association of RSBB data with mental health and well-being
E1. Categorisation of the mothers into 4 groups (Highly religious, Moderately religious, Agnostic, Atheist) indicated that the 7-8 year-old children of both the highly and moderately religious were more likely to have internalising problems and the children of atheist mothers had more externalising problems compared with the children of agnostic mothers.
Halstead I, Heron J, Svob C, Joinson C. Examining the role of maternal religiosity in offspring mental health using latent class analysis in a UK prospective cohort study. Psychological Medicine 2023; 53 :7255-7264. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329172300079X
E2. Major-Smith uses the longitudinal data to determine whether there is a time-related association between RSBB and either depression or anxiety
Major-Smith, D., Morgan, J., Halstead, I., & Golding, J. (2024, January 4). Exploring bidirectional causality between religion and mental health: A longitudinal study using data from the parental generation of a UK birth cohort (ALSPAC). https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/32qx8 (currently a preprint on the OSF)
- Transgenerational associations with RSBB
F1. Exposures of grandparents to cigarette smoking during pregnancy or in childhood or to different traumatic events during their childhoods were considered in relation to the religious beliefs of their grandchildren and great-grandchildren respectively. As found with other transgenerational studies of outcomes that were changing rapidly over time, we showed associations with both ancestral smoking and traumatic events in childhood.
Golding J, Gregory S, Northstone K, Pembrey M, Ellis G, Watkins S, Iles-Caven Y, Suderman M. Grandparents’ childhood exposures and religious belief in their granddaughters: possible transgenerational associations. [peer review: version 2; 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations] Wellcome Open Res 2022, 7:213 https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18049.2
2.COMPLEMENTARY PUBLICATIONS:
Papers outlining data that have been or will likely be used to inform the studies of RSBB and which have been completed by the Project Researchers since the start of the grant.
a. Non-genetic heritability
a1. Gregory S, Suderman M, Northstone K, Pembrey M, Watkins S, Iles-Caven Y, Golding J. Regular smoking of male ancestors in adolescence and fat mass in young adult grandchildren and great-grandchildren [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]. Wellcome Open Res 2022, 7:184 (https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17950.1)
a2. Watkins SH, Iles-Caven Y, Pembrey M, Golding J, Suderman M. Grandmaternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with differential DNA methylation in their grandchildren. European Journal of Human Genetics 2022. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-022-01081-2
a3. Golding J, Gregory S, Northstone K, Pembrey M, Watkins S, Iles-Caven Y, Suderman M. Human transgenerational observations of regular smoking before puberty on fat mass in grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Scientific Reports 2022;12(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-04504-0
a4. Golding J, Pembrey ME, Gregory S, Suderman M, Iles-Caven Y, Northstone K. Paternal grandmother’s smoking in pregnancy is associated with extreme aversion to bitter taste in their grandchildren. Environmental Epigenetics 2022; 8(1): dvac003. https://doi.org/10.1093/eep/dvac003
a5. Birmingham K, Iles-Caven Y and Golding J. ALSPAC parents’ descriptions of childhood stresses in their parents and grandparents [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]. Wellcome Open Res 2022, 6:115 (https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16732.2)
a6. Golding J, Pembrey M, Iles-Caven Y, Watkins S, Suderman M, Northstone, K. Ancestral smoking and developmental outcomes: a review of publications from a population birth cohort. Biology of Reproduction 2021; 105: 625-631. https://doi.org/10.1093/biolre/ioab124
a7. Golding J, Clark R, Gregory S, Ellis G, Suderman M, Iles-Caven Y, Pembrey M. Unexpected Associations between the Number of FRAXE Repeats in Boys and Evidence of Diabetes in Their Mothers and Maternal Grandmothers. OBM Genetics 2021; 5(4), 1-1. https://doi.org/10.21926%2Fobm.genet.2104141
a8. Golding J, Tunstall H, Gregory S, Granell R, Dodd JW, Iles-Caven Y, Watkins S and Suderman M. A history of asthma may be associated with grandparents’ exposures to stress and cigarette smoking. Front. Toxicol. 2023; 5:1253442. https://doi.org/10.3389/ftox.2023.1253442
a9. Gregory S, Suderman M, Northstone K, Pembrey M, Watkins S, Iles-Caven Y, Golding J. Regular smoking of male ancestors in adolescence and fat mass in young adult grandchildren and great-grandchildren. [peer review: 2 approved; 2 approved with reservations]. Wellcome Open Research. 2022 Jul 8;7(184):184. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17950.2
a10. Golding J, Pembrey ME, Gregory S, Suderman M, Iles-Caven Y, Northstone K. Paternal grandmother’s smoking in pregnancy is associated with extreme aversion to bitter taste in their grandchildren. Environmental Epigenetics. 2022 Jan 1;8(1):dvac003. https://doi.org/10.1093/eep/dvac003
b. Environmental exposures
b1. Golding J, Taylor C, Iles-Caven Y, Gregory S. The benefits of fish intake: results concerning prenatal mercury exposure and child outcomes from the ALSPAC prebirth cohort. NeuroToxicology 2022; 91: 22-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2022.04.012
b2. Golding J, Gregory S, Clark R, Iles-Caven Y, Ellis G, Taylor CM, Hibbeln J. Maternal prenatal vitamin B12 intake is associated with speech development and mathematical abilities in childhood. Nutrition Research 2021; 86: 68-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2020.12.005
b3. Gregory S, Iles-Caven Y, Northstone K and Golding J. Childhood life events of women enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents & Children (ALSPAC) [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]. Wellcome Open Res 2023, 8:294 (https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19459.1)
b4. Ellis G, Iles-Caven Y, Northstone K and Golding J. The housing environment of participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC): a resource for studies of influences on health [version 2: peer review 3 approved; 2 approved with reservations] Wellcome Open Res 2022, 7:232 (https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17996.2 )
b5. Golding J, Gregory S, Clark R, Iles-Caven Y, Ellis G, Taylor CM, Hibbeln J. Maternal prenatal vitamin B12 intake is associated with speech development and mathematical abilities in childhood. Nutrition Research 2021; 86: 68-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2020.12.005
b6. Taylor CM, Golding J, Kordas K. Prenatal lead exposure: associations with growth and anthropometry in early childhood in a UK observational birth cohort study. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 5: 235. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16338.2
b7. Madley-Dowd P, Dardani C….Golding J. et al. Maternal vitamin D during pregnancy and offspring autism and autism-associated traits: a prospective cohort study. Molecular Autism 2022;13, 44. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00523-4
b8. Page A E, Ruiz M, Dyble M, Major-Smith D, Migliano A B and Myers, S. Wealth, health and inequality in Agta foragers. Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health, 11(1), 2023, 149–162. https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoad015
c. Health of participants (including mental health and wellbeing)
c1. Ellis G, Fraser A, Golding J, Iles-Caven Y, Northstone K. Maternal reports of morbidity during the index ALSPAC pregnancy [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]. Wellcome Open Res 2022, 7:163 (https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17900.1)
c2. Birmingham K, Iles-Caven Y, Northstone K and Golding J. The ALSPAC fetal and neonatal resource: detailed data abstracted from the clinical records of the new-born [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]. Wellcome Open Res 2021, 6:298 (https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17214.1)
c3. Birmingham K, Gregory S, Iles-Caven Y et al. The mother during pregnancy and the puerperium: Detailed data abstracted from the clinical obstetric records of ALSPAC pregnancies [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations]. Wellcome Open Res 2021, 6:41 (https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16603.1)
c4. Golding J, Bickerstaffe I, Iles-Caven Y, Northstone K. Paternal health in the first 12-13 years of the ALSPAC study [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]. Wellcome Open Res 2023, 8:8 (https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18639.1)
c5. Hall A, Maw R, Iles-Caven Y, Gregory S, Rai D, Golding J. Associations between autistic traits and early ear and upper respiratory signs: a prospective observational study of the ALSPAC geographically defined childhood population. BMJ Open 2023; 13: e067682. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067682
c6. Iles-Caven Y, Gregory S, Northstone K, Golding J, Nowicki S. The beneficial role of personality in increasing well-being during the pandemic: a longitudinal population study. Journal of Affective Disorders 2023; 331:229-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.056
c7. Golding J, Bickerstaffe I, Iles-Caven Y, Northstone K. Paternal health in the first 12-13 years of the ALSPAC study. [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 8:8. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18639.1
c8. Hall A, Maw R, Iles-Caven Y, Gregory S, Rai D, Golding J. Associations between autistic traits and early ear and upper respiratory signs: a prospective observational study of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) geographically defined childhood population. BMJ open. 2023 Mar 1;13(3): e067682. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067682
c9. Iles-Caven Y, Gregory S, Northstone K, Golding J, Nowicki S. The beneficial role of personality in preserving well-being during the pandemic: A longitudinal population study. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2023 Jun 15; 331:229-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.056
d. Child Care and Child Development
d1. Hull L, Heuvelman H, Golding J, Mandy W, Rai D. Gendered play behaviours in autistic and non-autistic children: a population-based cohort study. Autism 2022; https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613221139373
d2. Costantini I, Kwong AS, Smith D, Lewcock M, Lawlor DA, Moran, P, …Golding J, Pearson RM. Locus of control and negative cognitive styles in adolescence as risk factors for depression onset in young adulthood: Findings from a prospective birth cohort study. Front Psychol 2021; 12: 599240. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.599240
d3. Nowicki S, Iles-Caven Y, Kalechstein A, Golding J. Antecedents of, interventions and consequences of, locus of control as defined within Rotter’s Social Learning Theory. Frontiers in Psychology 2021; 2365. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.698917 EDITORIAL
d4. Iles-Caven Y, Nowicki S, Kalechstein A, eds. Locus of Control: Antecedents, Consequences and Interventions Using Rotter’s Definition. Lausanne: Frontiers Media SA. 2001 Ebook: https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88971-263-2
d5. Major-Smith D, Chaudhary N, Dyble M, Major-Smith K, Page A E, Salali G D, Mace R, Migliano A B. Cooperation and Partner Choice Among Agta Hunter-Gatherer Children: An Evolutionary Developmental Perspective. PLOS ONE, 2023; 18(4), e0284360. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284360
d6. Page AE, Migliano AB, Smith D, Viguier S, Dyble M, Hassan A. Sedentarisation and maternal childcare networks: role of risk, gender and demography. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022, 20210435. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0435
d7. Costantini, I., Sallis, H., Tilling, K., Major-Smith, D., Pearson, R. M., & Kounali, D.-Z. Childhood trajectories of internalising and externalising problems associated with a polygenic risk score for neuroticism in a UK birth cohort study. JCPP Advances, 2023; 3 (1), e12141. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcv2.12141
d8. Golding J, Iles-Caven Y, Northstone K, Fraser A, Heron J. Measures of puberty in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) offspring cohort [version 1; peer review: 3 approved with reservations]. Wellcome Open Res 2023, 8:453 (https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19793.1 )
d9. Golding J, Taylor C, Iles-Caven Y, Gregory S. The benefits of fish intake: Results concerning prenatal mercury exposure and child outcomes from the ALSPAC prebirth cohort. Neurotoxicology. 2022 Jul 1; 91:22-30.
e. Psychological exposures
e1. Tohidinik HR, Ben-Shlomo Y, Major-Smith D, Goulding N, Iles-Caven Y, Golding J, Northstone K, Fraser A. Quality of relationships in mothers and their partners in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. [peer review: version 2. 2 approved] Wellcome Open Research. 2023 Feb 6;8(62):62. (https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18835.2 )
e2. Freminot, K., Major-Smith, K., Northstone, K., Halstead, I., & Major-Smith, D. (2024, January 23). Individual differences and climate beliefs and behaviours: Results from a longitudinal UK birth cohort. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/cdqbu (currently a preprint on the OSF)
f. Analytic features
f1. Major-Smith D, Dvořák T, Elhakeem A, Lawlor DA, Tilling K, Smith ADAC. Incorporating interactions into structured life course modelling approaches: A simulation study and applied example of the role of access to green space and socioeconomic position on cardiometabolic health. Preprint: medRxiv 2023.01.24.23284935; https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.24.23284935
g. ALSPAC Data clarifications
g1. Major-Smith D, Heron J, Fraser A, Lawlor DA, Golding J, Northstone K. (2022). The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC): a 2022 update on the enrolled sample of mothers and the associated baseline data. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 7: 283. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18564.1
g2. Birmingham K, Iles-Caven Y, Northstone K, Golding J. The ALSPAC fetal and neonatal resource: detailed data abstracted from the clinical records of the new-born. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 6: 298. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17214.1
g3. Northstone, K, Ben Shlomo Y, Teyhan A, Hill A, Groom A, Mumme M, Timpson N, Golding J. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and children ALSPAC G0 Partners: A cohort profile. [version 2; peer review: 1 approved]. Wellcome Open Res 2023, 8:37 https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18782.2
g4. Iles-Caven Y, Northstone K, Golding J. Gestation at completion of prenatal questionnaires in ALSPAC. Wellcome open research. 2020;5.
https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15976.2
h. Biomarkers
h1. Goulding NJ, Goudswaard LJ, Hughes DA et al. Inflammation proteomics datasets in the ALSPAC cohort [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations] Wellcome Open Research 2022, 7:277 https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18482.1